New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting — Abstracts

Deposition of reduced uranium ores in the Grants Mineral Belt, was succeeded by locally well-developed oxidation and the generation of secondary or tertiary uranium (vanadium) minerals. Detailed study of these succeeding-generation minerals indicates that oxidation of reduced uranium mineralization was effected by carbonate-, sulfate-bearing meteoric waters that engendered a series of generally hydrated uranyl-carbonate (e.g., andersonite, (Na₂Ca(UO₂)(CO₃)₃·6H₂O; Chávez, 1979)) and sulfate (e.g., zippeite-like minerals, Mt. Taylor mine, Chávez, 1988; K₄(UO₂)₆(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₀•4H₂O; see also Moench and Schlee, 1967, pp. 57-61)) minerals.

Initial X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of reduced uranium minerals from organic-rich arkosic sandstones of the Westwater Canyon Member of the Jurassic-age Morrison Formation from the Mt. Taylor mine show that various organic compounds are associated with the strongly-reducing environment characterizing primary uranium minerals and associated V, Se, Mo and Fe. Oxidation of these reduced, organic-rich host rocks (Squyres, 1980) apparently produced carbonic acid and generated weakly acidic solutions capable of continued oxidation of uranium. Deposition of native selenium (Poison Canyon Mine; Tessendorf, 1979) and weakly-crystallized MoS₂ as “jordisite” (Kao et al., 2001) suggests that the oxidation environment was variable immediately following uranium deposition and that weathering-derived supergene solutions served to modify both reduced and initially-oxidized uranium-vanadium ores. XRD analyses of green oxide coatings and black ores from Section 31 and yellow oxide coatings from the St. Anthony mine show that the ores host andersonite and gypsum, indicating that CO₃^2-(aq) and SO₄^2-(aq)-bearing, oxidizing groundwaters were responsible for developing a series of paragenetically-complex carbonate and sulfate minerals that reflect local groundwater compositions and composition changes through time.

Comparison of Grants Mineral Belt uranium mineralogy with the paragenesis of U-V minerals in other regions of the Colorado Plateau suggests that regional oxidation (Adams and Saucier, 1981) was likely responsible for uranium transport and later oxidative replacement of reduced uranium minerals (compare to Arizona Strip breccia pipe-hosted U-(Cu, Ag, Ni, Co) mineralization; e.g., see Van Gosen and Wenrich, 1989; Wenrich, et al., 1992). Latest oxidation is attributed to supergene processes coinciding with the onset of regional uplift and erosion in Laramide times of the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau.

References:

1. -Kao, L.S., Peacor, D.R., Coveney, R.M., Zhao, G., Dungey, K.E., Curtis, M.D., Penner-Hahn, J.E. "A C/MoS2 Mixed Layer Phase (MoSC) Occuring in Metalliferous Black Shales from Southern China, and New Data on Jordisite." American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pp. 852–861. 2001.
2. -Moench, R.H., Schlee, J.S. “Geology and Uranium Deposits of the Laguna District, New Mexico.” United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey. Professional Paper 519. 1967.
3. -Squyres, J.B. “Origin and Significance of Organic Matter in Uranium Deposits of Morrison Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico.” New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Memoir 38: Geology and Mineral Technology of the Grants Uranium Region 1979. P. 86-97. 1980.
4. -Tessendorf, T.N. “Redistributed Ore Bodies of Poison Canyon, Sec. 18 and 19, T. 13N., R. 9 W., McKinley County.” New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Memoir 38: Geology and Mineral Technology of the Grants Uranium Region 1979. P. 226-229. 1980.